Rooms I–IVEleven platesBayer 8×8 · 1-bit

Four rooms

Each plate is dithered in your browser as you reach it. Nothing here is a pre-made picture of a dithered painting — the reduction happens on your machine, at the size your screen asked for.


I

Room I

The Original

What the thing was, before anyone needed a second one. Paint on a panel; marble cut once and never again. These objects were made to be stood in front of — singular, unrepeatable, and in two cases already a copy of something older.

PL.01 Portrait of a Man (Il Condottiere), Antonello da Messina, 1475

Portrait of a Man (Il Condottiere)

Antonello da Messina · 1475
Oil on panel · Musée du Louvre, Paris

Bayer 8×8 · 4 px cell · 1-bit

PL.02 Portrait of a Young Man, Bronzino, 1530s

Portrait of a Young Man

Bronzino · 1530s
Oil on wood · The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Bayer 8×8 · 4 px cell · 1-bit

PL.03 Marble bust of Herodotos, Roman, after a Greek original, 2nd century AD

Marble bust of Herodotos

Roman, after a Greek original · 2nd century AD
Marble · The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Bayer 8×8 · 4 px cell · 1-bit


II

Room II

The Copy

Dürer's engravings are not reproductions of paintings. They are originals designed from the outset to exist in the hundreds — the first images in Europe made to be identical, and made by a machine. Every argument about digital reproduction was rehearsed here, in 1514, in copper.

PL.04 Melencolia I, Albrecht Dürer, 1514

Melencolia I

Albrecht Dürer · 1514
Engraving · —

Bayer 8×8 · 3 px cell · 1-bit

PL.05 Knight, Death and the Devil, Albrecht Dürer, 1513

Knight, Death and the Devil

Albrecht Dürer · 1513
Engraving · National Gallery of Art, Washington

Bayer 8×8 · 3 px cell · 1-bit

PL.06 Saint Jerome in His Study, Albrecht Dürer, 1514

Saint Jerome in His Study

Albrecht Dürer · 1514
Engraving · National Gallery of Art, Washington

Bayer 8×8 · 3 px cell · 1-bit


III

Room III

The Grid

Proportion, ruled. The Vitruvian figure is a body forced into a square and a circle because the age believed a body should fit. Five hundred years later we force the same images into a different grid, and it also does not quite fit.

PL.07 The Vitruvian Man, Leonardo da Vinci, c. 1490

The Vitruvian Man

Leonardo da Vinci · c. 1490
Pen and ink on paper · Gallerie dell'Accademia, Venice

Bayer 8×8 · 4 px cell · 1-bit

PL.08 Portrait bust of the emperor Gaius, known as Caligula, Roman, AD 37–41

Portrait bust of the emperor Gaius, known as Caligula

Roman · AD 37–41
Marble · The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Bayer 8×8 · 4 px cell · 1-bit


IV

Room IV

The Loss

Craquelure, erosion, a fresco that has shed half its surface. These works were degraded long before a scanner reached them. The question this room asks is whether a dithered copy is a further loss or simply the most recent one in a very long series.

PL.09 Battle scene (detail), from the Legend of the True Cross, Piero della Francesca, c. 1452–66

Battle scene (detail), from the Legend of the True Cross

Piero della Francesca · c. 1452–66
Fresco · Basilica of San Francesco, Arezzo

Bayer 8×8 · 5 px cell · 1-bit

PL.10 Portrait bust of a woman, Roman, 1st century AD

Portrait bust of a woman

Roman · 1st century AD
Marble · The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Bayer 8×8 · 5 px cell · 1-bit

PL.11 Portrait of a Young Man (detail of the face), Bronzino, 1530s

Portrait of a Young Man (detail of the face)

Bronzino · 1530s
Oil on wood · The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Bayer 8×8 · 5 px cell · 1-bit